教育私营化改革中政府与公立高校关系的调整

Adjustment of the Relationship between Government and Public Universities during Educational Privatization Reforms

20世纪80年代以来，高等教育需求的快速增长与政府财政能力的有限之间的矛盾愈来愈尖锐，并且社会各界对公共教育体制的低效和质量也提出越来越多的质疑。因此，不少国家和地区教育提出并实施教育私营化的改革措施，以期通过引入市场竞争，提高政府公共资源的利用效率，增加社会各界对高等教育的投入，并改善整个高等教育体系的质量。 教育私营化改革中，政府与学校关系的改变是不少研究者和决策者关注的重点。本文根据Levin(1991，2001，2002)提出的包括财政、规范、补助措施在内的三个政策分析工具，评析中国大陆公立高等教育私营化改革过程中公立高校与政府之间关系的调整。

Since the 1980s， the conflict between the growing demand for higher education and limited governmental financial capacity has become much more serious， and the public are becoming more critical of the inefficiency and low quality of public education system. Therefore， educational privatization reform becomes one of the strategies of some countries and regions to introduce the market mechanism into the public education system， and thus to improve the efficiency of public resources allocation and the quality of the whole higher education system. During the reform， the changing of the government-university relationship is one of the important issues. According to Levin’s three policy analyzing tools of educational privatization， including finance， regulation and support service (1991，2001，2002)， the paper attempts to study the adjustment of government-university relationship during the educational privatization reform in Mainland China.