日本的高等教育改革──以社会条件、职能、构造为中心

The Reform of Higher Education in Japan: Focuses on Social Conditions, Functions and Structure

本文从社会条件、职能、构造等方面分析了日本高等教育的改革。社会条件不仅包括来自历史的影响因素、未来社会发展的影响因素和国际间的影响因素，也包括大学与政治、经济关系的变化及来自大学内部逻辑发展的影响。大学社会职能的变化，包括知识的重构，学士课程的改革，研究生院的改革等。大学社会构造的变革包括重点化──社会的再分层，大学管理运营的合理化，多元的大学评价，板块的重构──大学民营化、国立大学法人化、大学的联合、大学的淘汰等。在此基础上，本文阐述了大学的社会构造──国家、市场、大学的关系。

The Article discusses the higher education reform focus on social conditions， functions and structure， including the social conditions impacted by the history， future and international standards. The author also discusses the social structure of universities─the relations between the state， the market and the university. The relationship between universities and the state， universities and economy; the inherent logic relations， the transformation of universities’ social functions─the character of answering in the universities; review meetings， the knowledge restructure， the important of undergraduate curriculums as well as the reforms in graduate schools; the reforms of social restructure in universities; the relevelling of focuses and social， the rationalization of universities management， the importance of mutilation in universities evaluation system， the restructure of privation， the corporation， collaboration in the state universities， the curriculums of undergraduate study and graduate study， the seminar， subject and academic sections and etc.