美国医学院校的伦理学教育：对教学大网的研究

Ethics Education in the U.S. Medical Schools：A Study of Syllabi

为了解美国医学院校中伦理学作为必修课的学习范围，课程目标、教学方法、教学内容、参考读物以及学生成续评定方式，研究者进行了一项调查。通过对58份医学伦理学教学大网的重点研究，发现有有10种教学目标，平均每个院校3种；8种教学方法，平均4种；6种学生成续评定方式，平均2种；39个方面的教学内容，平均13个。这些教学大网共要求或推荐1191种不同的读物，其中只有8种为6所以上的院校所使用。研究表明，美国的医学伦理学教育五花八门，但”理想”的伦理学教育在实际教学中还是有所体现，几个方面的不足应引起注意。

The study aims to determine the scope and content of required， formal ethics components in the curricula of the U.SA. medical schools. Analysis and codification of 58 syllabi identify 10 course objectives， 8 teaching methods， 39 content areas， and 6 methods of assessing students. The means for individual schools are 3 objectives， 4 teaching methods， 13 content areas， and 2 methods of assessment. The 58 syllabi either require or recommend 1，191 distinct readings， only 8 of which were used by more than 6 schools. The study indicates that ethics education is far from homogeneous in the U.S. medical schools. While the study of syllabi demonstrates significant areas of overlap with recent efforts to identify and “ideal” ethics curriculum for medical students， several areas of weakness emerged that required attention from medical educators.