美国特许学校改革与教育公平研究

Reform of Charter School in US, Study of Education Equity

特许学校改革是美国择校运动发展到近期出现的教育改革运动，是美国公立教育改革的重要组成部分。然而从美国第一所特许学校诞生的那天起，特许学校就受到来自各方面的争议，其中最大的担忧就是改革可能造成教育的分化与不公。本文从社会学视角出发，指出经过近20年发展，特许学校一方面促成了基于不同教育理念的社会分化，另一方面也更好地满足了不同社会群体的教育需求。特许学校改革的复杂性和未来的不确定性对我国教育改革有一定的启发意义。

Reform of charter school， an important part of American public education reform， is resulted form current progress of school choice movement in the US. There have always been a lot of controversies ever since the founding of the first charter school in the US， and the biggest one is that the reform may result in stratification and inequity in education. Viewed from a sociological perspective， this study argues that over nearly 20 years of development， on the one hand charter school has promoted social stratification based on different ideas of education， and on the other hand it has helped to meet the educational demand of different kinds of people. The complexity and uncertainty of the reform offers enlightenment on education reform in China.