美国高校教师薪酬外部竞争力分析与启示

An Analysis of External Competitivity of Faculty Salary in America

高校教师是高等教育发展的关键。在知识经济时代，高校教师的收入水平是吸引和留住人才的关键因素之一。美国高校以签约体系为主要薪资制类型，这为美国高校挑选到高职亮的人才提供了制度上的保障。同时，在与美国中等收入家庭、中小学教师的收入比较中可以看到，美国高校教师薪酬具有很强的外部竞争性。尽管在一些高学历领域中，美国高校教师平均薪酬只相当于高校外同行的70%，但近年来，对高市场要求的学科，美国高校采取政策倾斜的方式，最大程度上保障了招募高职量教师的外部人力资源环境。这些都能为我国高校目前的薪酬改革提供参考。

Faculty is key to higher education development. The level of income is one of the main factors to attract and retain faculty in the era of information economy. Contract salary system is the main salary payment system in American higher education. It is an important guarantee for American higher education to recruit high quality faculty: the faculty’s income level has significant advantage as compared with either the middle-income family or secondary and elementary school teachers. It is a fact that the average income of American faculty is only about 70% of their colleagues working outside the higher education system. However， American universities have adopted a special policy which standard is to meet or rise above the market compensation standard， in order to employ some qualified faculty who are in high market needs field. Thus at the largest extension， this compensation policy ensure American universities have more external competitivity to hire highly qualified faculty.