教育、工作自主性与工作满意度

Education, Job Autonomy and Job Satisfaction

教育不但是个人人力资本积累的途径，也会形成个人职业的趋向和偏好。个人在工作中所获得的自主性是评价工作满意度的重要方面，获得更多的工作自主性意味着获得更多的组织信任，能够更自由地安排工作，拥有更多自主学习的机会。由于不同学历层次的人对工作要求不同，所以是否在工作中获得自主性将会对他们的工作满意度和工作绩效产生不同的影响。本文运用北京大学教育经济研究所《中国城镇居民教育与就业情况调查─2004》的数据，通过对正在工作人群的研究发现，在同等受教育程度下，更多的工作自主性带来更大的工作满意度。不同受教育程度的群体，受过高等教育者更看重工作自主性。对他们而言，自主性工作环境带来的效用要高于工资带来的效用。本研究探讨高等教育在促进人的独立性、学习意识上的长期效应，为认识教育对个人职业发展的影响提供了新的视角。同时在建设创新型国家的大背景下，本研究的结论为如何激励知识型人才，更好的发挥创新性人才的创造力，提高组织绩效提供了有益的参考。

Education is an approach for establishing individual human capital， and it also affects the vocational propensity of individuals. Job autonomy is one of the most important aspects of job evaluation. More job autonomy means more trust， more flexibility， and more independent learning opportunities. People with different academic qualifications have different need for employment. Whether having job autonomy in work or not has contrary impact on job satisfaction and job performance. This study uses the data from China Urban Household Education and Employment Survey 2004 collected by Institute of Economics of Education at Peking University. The study finds that people with more job autonomy have higher job satisfaction when controlling their education；compared to non─tertiary graduates， higher education graduates concern more about their job autonomy and flexibility in working environment than salary level. This study also explores the role of higher education in developing people’s independence and self─learning abilities. It offers a new perspective to research on the impact of education on career development. In the content of building innovative society， findings of this study are helpful to motivate knowledge employers， inspire creativity and improve organizational performance.