从普通知识到高深学问 ─ 大学观念的知识论逻辑及其变迁

From Universal Knowledge to Advanced Scholarship ─ the Logic of Knowledge and Its Evolution

本文结合西方社会和思想史进程，描述了大学观念的知识论基础的三个发展阶段。即从中世纪时期宗教性真理统一观念之下的普通知识论，到近代脱胎于普遍知识的与专业知识相对立的自由知识，再到现代独立的高深学问知识论逻辑。并认为现代性影响下的高深学问论存在自致性矛盾，从而成为现代大学困境形成的因素之一。突破困境则需要对这单一的逻辑起点进行改造和扩充。

This article discusses three phases in the development of the idea of a university in the context of the history of thought and of western society. The types of knowledge representing the three phases are：universal knowledge in the Middle Ages， liberal knowledge in the modern time， and advanced scholarship in the contemporary era. Under the influence of modernity， the idea of advanced scholarship contains certain self─contradictions which result in certain dilemmas of modern universities. Resolving these dilemmas needs reconstruct and extend the epistemology─base of the idea of a university.