低收费政策能改善教育公平和社会福利吗？ ─兼论高等教育不同收费政策的效应

The Role for Government is Establishing the World ─ Class Universities

本文探讨不同收费政策对教育公平和社会福利的影响。一直以来，理论界认为提高缴费标准会损害教育公平和社会福利，本文运用统计原理，分析了高等教育缴费标准与失学概率间的理论关系，并指出低收费政策和高收费政策，对于改善教育公平的比较效应，是随不同情况而改变的。进一歩的实证分析表明，在当前贫悬殊较为严重的情况下，低收费政策并不能明显改善低收入阶层的教育机会和社会福利，相反，高收费高资助政策的效应要更加显著。

This paper examines， from the historical perspective， the essential role that Japanese and Korean governments have performed in the process of establishing world─class research─intensive universities. The major government efforts involve legislatively safeguarding a privileged status of quality─superior research─intensive universities， implementing higher education reform aiming at stimulating organizational innovation and promoting academic development， directing the path of future development of those selected universities by giving them strategic development， directing the path of future development of those selected universities by giving them strategic missions and preferential financial support. Whereas the efforts made by the government have generally produced positive results， there are some possible side effects calling for the government to make careful maneuver and readjustment. It is a common phenomenon， in East─Asian political and cultural context， for the governments to act as a predominant force in the national campaign of entering the top world university league table. Judged from the experience of Japan and Korea， this ultimate goal requires concerted efforts of both the governments and the universities concerned， and its achievement may take much more than an impulsive plan and a momentary endeavor.