软文化模式与水的教化意味 ─ 兼论中国传统教育的理想境界

Soft culture Mode and the Educational Sense of Water ─ On the Ideal State of Traditional Chinese Education

人类文化教育存在水、火两种意象，即有软、硬模式之分，其中水的功能兼具软、硬。中国文教传统的主流是软模式，强调柔能克刚，其实质是教（育）兼（胜）政（治）。德育是得育，也就是生命教育。要传承中国文化精神命脉，自然离不开 化字。儒者的特性恰是点点滴滴的濡化之功，化具有至高无上的地位，正体现出水的基本特征。传统中国人在自然界寻求秩序与和譛谐，并视其为一切人类关系的理想范型。儒家试图通过修礼来达到人与社会、人与自然的和谐。从服从规律中转而驾驭规律，这是中国教育的大智能，水的教化意味蕴涵的是理想境界：人我和谐与天人合一的平衡。

There’s two images in human cultural education， namely， “water” and “fire”， or soft mode and hard mode. The functions of water refer to both soft and hard. Traditional Chinese culture and education focus on soft mode and emphasize that softness can not only be compatible with the hard but also overcome it. The essence of the soft mode is that education is more important than politics. The moral education can also be called “acquisition education”， which means life education. To succeed to the spirit of traditional Chinese culture， education is necessary. Confucian pays more attention on education for its paramount status， which reflects the basic characteristic of the water. Traditional Chinese people are always in the search for order and harmony in nature， and regard it as the ideal mode of all human relations. Confucian tried to learn etiquette to harmonize people and society， man and nature. The shift from obeying the law to controlling the law is the great wisdom of Chinese education. The educational sense of water indicates an ideal state， the harmony between beings and the balance between human and nature.