我国农村中小学师资保障问题的历史分析及其对策探讨

A Historical Analysis of and Strategies for the Problem of Ensuring Teachers in Rural Education

我国农村中小学教师保障问题由来已久。究其原因主要是：师范院校包括教师进修院校没有树立为农村基础教育，为农村中小学教师服务的意识；基础教育的分层投资管理体系影响了农村教师的引进，限制了农村教师的专业发展；市场化的分配制度很难把优秀师范毕业生分到农村从教。为此，建议把农村基础教育的责任由县提升到省和国家；切实提高农村教师的待遇，改善工作环境，提高其后续发展机会；实行免费师范制度，确保优秀的师范毕业生进入农村教师队伍；严格执行教师资格证书制度，确保获得资格的教师从教；教师教育院校要切实承担起为农村培养教师的任务等。

The problem of ensuring appropriate teachers in primary and secondary schools in rural areas in China had been existing for a long time. The reasons include shortage of consciousness of serving to basic education and teachers in rural areas; the layered management system of investment to basic education; and market-oriented distribution system of graduate of teacher school. Suggestions to solve those problems include: to upgrade the administrative level of basic education from county level to provincial level or national level; to implement free education for students in teacher training programs; to strictly implement the teacher certification system; and to enforce the duty of teacher training institutions for training teachers in rural areas.