学校变革的一般理论及其反思——社会资本的视角

The Common Theories about School Transformation and Some Reflections——From the Angle of Social Capital

学校变革的一般理论主要包括结构主义的观点、冲突主义的观点、技术的观点、文化的观点及市场的观点。结构主义的观点更多地把学校看作是一个保守性的组织；冲突主义观点相对地漠视学校日常生活的现实；技术的观点趋向于用「技术的方法」来改造学校；文化的观点主张把学校塑造成一个「价值共同体」；市场的观点重视选择但拉大了学校之间的差距。通过对这些理论或模式细致的总结和反思，指出其中一些理论或模式在新的历史条件下存在的种种不足。随着社会资本理论的提出，在一定程度上对上述理论进行了修正或补充，从而为当今的学校变革提供了一种新的改革理念。

The common theories about school transformation mainly include the views of structuralism， of conflict theorists， of technology， of culture and of market. The structuralism usually regards a school as a conservative organization; the conflict theorists relatively ignore the reality of everyday life in a school; the technology view tends to transform a school by technological means; the culture view holds that a school should be shaped as a ＂valuable community＂; the market view emphasizes choice but widens the gap between schools. By summarizing and reflecting on these theories or modes carefully， the author figures out the defects some of them have under the new historical conditions， However， as social capital theory is set forth， these theories have been rectified or complemented to some extent， and thus a kind of new idea is provided for today’s school transformation.