教育产品的属性与政府职能的调整

The Economic Nature of Education and the Adjustment of the Governmental Function

国内外研究者提出了对教育产品属性议定的不同标准，得出了不同的结论。由于教育产品外部性的存在，研究者们所提出的教育产品属性议定的不同标准并不矛盾，是有因果联系的；综合教育产品的消费特征和提供方式，义务教育是公共产品，非义务教育的准公共产品；不同层次类型教育产品的属性存在差异。教育产品属性的公共性或准公共性决定了政府应承担提供教育服务的责任。长期以来我国政府在教育服务提供中存在着以下问题：公共教育支出总量不足、分配和使用结构不合理，教育服务提供的政垄断，教育服务政府提供和政府经营的合一。针对上述问题，提出了相对的措施。

Researchers at home and abroad set up various standards to define the economic nature of education and obtain different results. The author holds that different standards to define the economic nature of education are not contradictory and have causality among them because of the externalities of education; compulsory education is public goods and non-compulsory education is quasi-public goods in light of consumption feature of education and the way it is supplied; the economic natures of different level and type education are different. The publicity and quasi-publicity of education require the government provide the education. So far， as for the government’s providing education， there are such problems as the insufficiency of the total public educational expenditures， the irrationality of the distribution structure of the public educational expenditures， the governmental monopoly supply of education and a unification of governmental supply and management of education. With regard to all those problems mentioned above， this paper puts forward relevant measures.