学与教之关系的本体论分析

Ontological Analysis of the Relation between Learning and Teaching

学与教的关系问题，是课程与教学中的一个根本问题，本体论关系又是这一问题中最根本的方面。对此，西方和陶行知时代之前中国的看法为「分」，即把两者作为两种本质上不同的活动分开来对待；几十年以来中国流行的看法是「合」，即把两者合为一体。我们认为，应然的理解是「分中合」，即它们是两种本质上不同但又相互关联的活动，将它们分开来对待，同时看到两者的密切关联和时空上的部分重合。当前急需实现的转变是「分」，这种转变具有重要的意义。

The relation between learning and teaching is a fundamental issue in curriculum and instruction， and the ontological relation is the most fundamental aspect of this issue. As for this， the view in the West and China before the times of Tao Xingzhi is “separated”， that is， learning and teaching are treated respectively as two essentially different activities; while the prevalent view in China during recent decades is “combined”， that is， learning and teaching are considered as an integrated whole. We think that the proper understanding is “separated-combined”， that is， learning and teaching are two essentially different but interrelated activities. We should treat them separately and see their close interrelation and that they overlap in time and space. Currently， the urgent transformation to realize is “separated”， which is of great overlap in time and space. Currently， the urgent transformation to realize is “separated”， which is of great significance.