大學入學制度的法律分析

The Legal Analysis on College Entrance

台灣長期以來的大學入學制度，學生須先取得大學聯考成績方能申請入學，而大學也以該成績作為挑選學生的唯一標準。即便在1994年推薦甄試入學方案上路，迄今每年大部分的學生，是透過學科能力測驗或指定科目考試成績進入大學－所以在多元入學方案下，大學聯考其實並未消失。但大學入學考試實行了接近半個世紀，作弊的個案從未消匿過，不禁讓人反思：以大學入學考試成績作為大學入學的唯一標準，是否讓人產生孤注一擲的可趁之機。在此，本文嘗試先檢視大學入學制度的憲法基礎：在大學入學制度背後，交錯著教育基本權與學術自由，產生人民的自我實現與大學自治挑選學術人才的衝突。其次，在這兩個基本權的競合下，本文經由外國法制的分析與參考，確認我國大學入學制度並不符合憲法的要求。最後，本文建議因應時代變遷，關於大學事務的權力應該下放，經由各大學乃至各系所間，建構一套符合學術指引的入學制度。

The college entrance system in Taiwan， that students must get the scores in The Joint College Entrance Examination (JCEE) before they apply and colleges also take the scores as the only standard to select students， has lasted for a long time. Even when Admission by Recommendation and Screening Program began in 1994， the majority of freshmen must get the scores in Assigned-Subject Test or Subject-Competence Test before applying-therefore， under Multiple Entrance Program， JCEE remains. Moreover， since test cheat never disappears during the almost 50-year-long period， then it occurs to us that taking the scores as the only way to colleges might be a gap. First， this essay tries to examine the constitutional foundation of college entrance system: behind it， there are educational basic right and academic freedom at the same time， and then the conflict between self-actualization of individual and university self-government in student-selection comes. Second， since there is a competition between these 2 basic rights， by way of analysis and reference this essay confirms that the college entrance system in Taiwan doesn't conform to constitutional call. At last， the suggestion is， as time changes， the power to determine college affairs should be handed over to colleges， and each college， even each department， should construct a college entrance system guided by academic freedom.