我國與日本、韓國之大學入學制度比較研究

A Comparative Study on the College Entrance Systems in Japan, Korea and Taiwan

本研究的主要目的在於了解我國、日本及韓國的大學入學制度及其異同。研究方法與步驟，是先透過現有文獻、文件以及網路資料的分析，以了解三國大學入學制度的演進、現況及發展趨勢，並加以描述。然後採取比較法，根據三國大學入學制度描述過程中所得出的三個主要參照點：沿革、招生方式、選拔方式，加以並排比較，以了解三國的異同，並探討其產生異同的原因及國際間互相影響的情形。同時也針對三國不同特色的利弊得失試加討論。另外研究者並親赴韓國、日本，訪問當地的研究機構及相關的學者專家，就平面資料不易了解或有疑問的部分提出來請教他們，並進一步掌握新的第一手資料。經過上述分析、比較、討論之後，本研究有下列幾項主要發現： 1.就入學方式而言，三國均大致上採取，考試入學、推薦甄試入學及個人申請入學三種；惟仍以考試入學為主流。 2.就招生方式而言，日韓兩國均採單獨招生，我國則大部分採聯合招生、統一分發。 3.就考試方式而言，三國均分成二階段：第一階段均採統一考試，由全國性統一機構辦理；至於第二階段考試，日韓兩國係由各大學自行辦理，而我國則仍由統一機構辦理。 4.推薦入學及個人申請入學，三國均以挑選具有特殊專長或特殊才能的學生為主要目的。 5.無論入學方式或選拔方式，日韓兩國均比我國多元化、多樣化；我國則較制式化。 6.日韓兩國私立大學的入學方式及選拔方式均完全自主，我國則與公立大學採取同一模式。

The main purpose for the research is to understand the college entrance systems， their differences and similarities among Japan， Korea and Taiwan. To understand the evolving and current situation of the college entrance systems within these three countries， the research method and procedures have been focused on the analyses of their existing records， documents and data from websites. On the basis of the three referring points-evolving history， methods to recruit and select students-which were gathered during the process of describing the college entrance systems of the three countries， the researcher have adopted comparative method to further understand their differences， similarities and investigated causes that resulted in these differences and similarities， and the situations of international interactions. Meanwhile， advantages and disadvantages resulted from the various characteristics of these three countries have been under discussion. The researcher has visited Korea and Japan， and interviewed the local institutions and related academic specialists on doubts that could not be easily answered from paper documents， and to further update the newest first hand information. After analyzing， comparing， and discussing， the research has come to the following conclusions: 1. For methods of entering colleges， all three countries on the whole adopt the entrance examination， recommendation grading process， and individual application; however， the entrance examination still takes up as the major consideration. 2. As to the methods of recruiting students， Japan and Korea both favor independent recruiting; while in Taiwan， we mostly adopt joint recruiting， and assigning based on standard grading. 3. For the methods of entrance examination， all three countries proceed with two stages: -a joint examination takes the first stage which is organized under a unified national institution. -as to the second stage of the examination， Japan and Korea have left the management to each individual college， while in Taiwan， it is still handled under the unified institution. 4. For the recommendation grading process， and individual application， all three countries have set their goals on selecting students with special skills and talents. 5. Either in the methods of entrance or student selection， both Japan and Korea are more various and diversified than Taiwan where we take up a formalized procedure. 6. Private colleges in both Japan and Korea are completely independent in forms of entrance and student selection; colleges in Taiwan follow the same mode as public colleges.