中、美大學生在問題解決小團體中團體成績與工作分配策略之比較

Chinese and American Differences in Group Performance and Strategies in Problem Solving Groups

本研究之目的是探討美國學生與中國學生所組成之三人小團體，在實驗室進行團體作業(五個拼圖)時，(1)其工作分配策略是否不同;(2)其團體成績是否受不同之動機喚起指導語(運氣或技巧〉而有所差異。根據12個美國學生團體與12個中國學生團體的反應，本研究結果發現在進行團體作業前之問卷謂查中，中國團體認為理想之工作分配策略是較趨於團體取向〈例如三人合作)，而美國團體則趨於個人取向〈三人分別做)，這個發現支持本研究之假設。但在實際作業時，兩組所用的策略與團體成積在統計上都沒有達到顯著差異。在接受不同指導語時，團體成讀者顯著不間，接受「運氣」指導語之團體比接受「拉巧」指導語之團體在團體成積上較高。接受「運氣」指導語之情況中，美國學生的團體成績明顯優於中國學生的團體成績。上述發現之解釋，本文有詳細的討論。

Under one of two drive-arousing conditions (luck or skill) manipulated within a laboratory setting， 12 Americanand 12 Chinese 3-male-student groups were compared in terms of group strategies and group performan outcomes in solving five jigsaw puzzles. Chinese students were assumedto be more group oriented and cohesive than American students because of their different cultural structures. Results showed that support for the hypotheses was found on measures of anticipated strategies usedby Chinese vs. American groups (p < .05). Chinese' 'groups， as compared to American groups， intended to use more group as opposed to individual orienting strategies. The hypotheses were not confirmed on the actual strategies used and the task Outcome measures. Contrary to the hypo-thesis， groups performed better under the luck condition than the skill condition. Under the luck condition， American groups had better perfor-mance outputs than Chinese groups. Several factors that might accout for this outcome are discussed.