母親教導衝突解決策略之內容與孩子知覺的關係

The Relationships between Mother's Parenting Style and Child's Perception

在人際互動中，衝突幾乎不可避免。有了衝突就必須要解決，然而解決衝突時所需的策略是學習後社會化的結果。在這個過程中，母親扮演著重要的角色。母親在教導孩子如何處理衝突時，除了會教導孩子衝突解決的策略外，同時也可能告訴孩子此策略所產生的結果。孩子會針對所知覺到母親的教導做主動的解釋，形成自己解決衝突的模式。為進一步了解母親教導與孩子社會化的關係，本研究將針對母親教導孩子衝突解決的策略時，所給予的理由中著手，以期了解母親教導的內容如何影響孩子的知覺。在分別對三年級及六年級的孩子及其家長施測後，分析的結果顯示出：母親教導策略時，所採用的內容對孩子的知覺有所影響。其影響在於當母親以對方心理感受為內容教導孩子尋求幫助的策略時，孩子較能正確的知覺到母親的教導。當母親以雙方關係為內容教導不同年級孩子相同的策略時，不同年級的孩子會知覺到不同的策略。

People encounter conflict frequently while interacting with others. Relationships will be come worse if one doesn’t have proper ways to solve the conflict. A proper solution was one of the indicators of socialization. Since the proper solutions are learned， and one of the socialization agents is the mother， there has been a lot of research targeting parenting. No matter what the mother taught， what the child learned will depend upon his perception. We hypothesized that the reasons the mother gave while teaching the child the strategies to solve conflict will influence how the child will perceive the strategies. 326 boys and 306 girls of 3rd and 6th grade primary school students and their mothers participated. The results showed that when the mother gave the reasons for considering another’s feelings while teaching seeking help strategies， more children perceived the strategies correctly. When the mother gave the reasons of considering the relationships while teaching children who did not seek help in conflict， different levels of students’ will perceive the differently. Giving the reasons of considering the teachers’ reaction did not influence what the child perceived.