一個臺北市私立幼稚園的改變--生態系統理論的應用

The Changes in a Private Kindergarten in Taipei City--The Application of Ecological System Theory

本研究應用「生態系統理論」之概念——即生態系統是一個多層面性的系統，一個大的生態系統下包含了幾個子系統，每個系統間具互動的關係——來探討一個私立幼稚園過去近二十年的歷史，透過幼稚園組織內部和外部環境的變化情況，以及兩者間的互動關係，進而分析這些變化與互動關係在幼教領裡所蘊含的意義。資料收集歷時八個月，研究對象是台北市區的一家私立幼稚園。園內的經營者、園長和老師。資料收集方法包括：訪談、文件蒐集、札記、觀察和焦點團體等方法。本研究資料分析的架構是在研究過程中逐漸發展、歸納出來的；外部環境因素資料的收集是依據訪談中對於內部改變的解釋方向以及研究者之觀點去收集的。資料的分析除了應用質性方法外，也在必要時應用到初等統計。資料分析的結果，發現家心幼稚園內部自民國72年至今（民國90年），在學生人數、行政組織、教學特色、典章制度、成本和師資等六個方面，均有頻率和幅度上的改變；而外部環境則有人口、經濟、政策法令上的變化。經過內、外部環境之互動關係的分析後，本研究提出八個議題分別予以討論與提出建議事項。

This research applied the concepts of “Ecological System Theory” — The ecological system is a multilevel system that includes several sub-systems， each has interaction with one another — to explore a private kindergarten with 18 years of history. The purpose of this research was to understand the inner and outer changes of this kindergarten， and analyze the meaning of the changes to early childhood education.This study was conducted over a period of eights months. The selected subject was a private kindergarten located in Taipei City， Taiwan. Data collection methods included interview， document collection， observation， observation diary， and focus group discussion. Data analysis framework was developed as the research proceeded and has subsequently been analyzed by using both qualitative and quantitative methods.The result of data analysis includes six changes inside the kindergarten， three changes outside the kindergarten， and interactions among these changes. From the results， the author points out eight major issues to be discussed and proposed for further research as well as suggestions for policymaker’s reference.