兒童情緒智力發展之探討研究

A Study of the Development of Children's Emotional Intelligence

本研究旨在探討兒童情緒智力的發展情形，提出情緒智力包括自我與人際情緒智力兩大層面，各自包括情緒覺察、了解、推理、判斷、表達、調節、激勵與反省等情緒能力。使用橫斷法，分層的叢集取樣，605名有效樣本，主要採用「兒童情緒思維自陳量表」與「兒童情緒思維情境測驗」來測量兒童的情緒智力。主要發現為：（1）兒童的自我與人際情緒智力之間呈現中度以上正相關。（2）兒童的自我與人際情緒激勵、反省與推理能力高於情緒表達能力。（3）女童的情緒智力顯著高於男童。（4）四和六年級兒童的情緒智力大都顯著高於二年級兒童。（5）兒童的智力與其情緒智力之間呈現低度正相關。（6）兒童智力及情緒智力對於其學業成績有顯著的預測之，整體解釋力尚可，其中以智力的預測之較高。

The purpose of the study was to explore the development of children’s emotional intelligence. The study proposed that emotional intelligence contain two domains， intrapersonal emotional intelligence and interpersonal emotional intelligence， respectively， including eights skills such as emotional awareness， understanding， reasoning， judgement， expression， regulation， motivation， and reflection. The study used the Self-Report Scale of Children’s Emotional Thinking and the Situational Test of Children’s Emotional Thinking to measure 605 2nd， 4th， and 6th graders in Taiwan with a cross-sectional method. The main findings were as follows：（1）The relationship between intrapersonal emotional intelligence and interpersonal emotional intelligence was significantly positive. （2）The abilities of children’s emotional motivation， reflection and reasoning were higher than their emotional expression ability. （3）The emotional intelligence of girls was significantly higher than 2nd graders. （5）The relationship between intelligence score and emotional intelligence score of children was positive. （6）Both the intelligence score and emotional intelligence score were significant predicators of children’s school academic score， especially the intelligence score.