弱勢團體成員的集體行動--團體相對剝奪與集體效能的影響

Effects of Group Relative Deprivation and Collective Efficacy

本研究的目的是探討弱勢團體成員的「認知性團體相對剝奪」、「情感性團體相對剝奪」、「集體的效能預期」與「集體的結果預期」對於他們「參加集行動的意願」之影響，研究對象是在台灣高等教育體系中較國立大學居於弱勢的私立大學大一學生1，367位。本研究以三個含括程度不同的團體層次探討上述問題，一是「公私立大學」層次，此?及「私立大學」與「國立大學」的比較，二是「校際」層次，此涉及「本校」及「其他學校」的比較，三是「系際」層次，此?及「本校本系」與「本校他系」的比較。結果發現，受訪者對於私立大學有最高的「認知性團體相對剝奪」與「情感性團體相對剝奪」，對於「本校本系」有最低的「認知性團體相對剝奪」與「情感生團體相對剝奪」。對於「私立大學學生」的「集體的效能預測」最高、「集體的結果預期」最低，對於「本系學生」之「集體的效能預期」最低、「集體的結果預期」最高。而且，受訪者「參加私立大學集體行動的意願」最高。另外、多元迴歸分析的結果顯示，「集體的效能預期」和「集體的結果預期」是影響受訪者參加集體行動意願的最重要兩個因素，「團體相對剝奪」的影響力居於第三。本研究最後建議，可以從個人、集體、與社會三個層次，進一步探討，在社會對弱勢團體的負面建構下，弱勢團體成員的反應及其影響因素。

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the differential effect of “cognitive” group relative deprivation (C-GRD)”， “affective group relative deprivation (A-GRD)”， “collective efficacy expectation (CEE)”， AND “collective outcome expectation (COE)” on willingness to become involved in collective action. 1，367 freshmen in private universities， who hold a disadvantageous position compared to students in public universities in Taiwan’s educational system， were sampled to participate in this study. Three groups of different levels of inclusiveness were examined in this study：public-private university level：private compared with public universities；inter-school level：one’s own school compared with all other colleges ；inter-department level：one’s own department compared with all other departments in the same college. The study found that these students had the most C-GRD and A-GRD for the private university， and had the least C-GRD and A-GRD for their own department. They had the most CEE and the least COE for private university students， and had the least CEE and the most COE for students of the their own department. They were most willing to participate in collective action of private university students. The results of multiple regression analysis indicated that CEE and COE explained a greater proportion of the variance than indicated that CEE and COE explained a greater proportion of the variance than C-GRD or A-GRD. This report concluded with the suggestion that further studies from individual， collective， and societal levels are needed to understand the reactions of members of disadvantageous groups and their affecting factors.