低地位團體成員的向上流動--動機性自我的分析

Upward Mobility of Lower Status Group Members;Analysis from Self-Motivation Perspectives

本研究從動機性自我的角度探討低地位團體成員向上流動的行為。在台灣高等教育體系中，私立大學的社會名聲與教育資源都較國立大學居於弱勢，研究一在這個情境中以實驗操弄 「彰顯社會自我認同」、「彰顯個人自我認同」、與「自我進步」的可能性，結果發現，有助於「自我進步」的豐富教育資源，對於從私立大學轉學至國立大學的決定，是最有影響力的因素。研究二的實地研究以從私立大學轉學至國立大學的學生為對象，結果發現，低地位團體成員對上述三個因素的重視程度有個別差異。「高社會取向成就動機」的人比「低社會取向成就動機」的人在轉學時更會考慮「社會自我認同」是否能夠彰顯，比較在乎轉學後「個人自我認同」是否會受到影響，而且也比較會為了豐富資源以追求「自我進步」而轉學至國立大學。「高自我取向成就動機」的人比「低自我取向成就動機」的人更不在乎「個人自我認同」的彰顯是否會因為轉學而受到影響。

This study investigated upward mobility of lower status group members from self─motivation perspectives. In Taiwan’s higher education system， private universities are more disadvantageous than public universities in both social reputation and educational resources. In study I， “social─identify enhancement”， “personal─identify enhancement”， and “self─improvement” probabilities were experimentally manipulated in this context. It was found that richer educational resources， which increased self─improvement probability， was the most influential factor on decisions to transfer from private to public universities. In study II， 98 students who had just transferred from private to public universities were surveyed. There were individual differences in valuing the above three factors. Students with high social─oriented─achievement─motivation values social─identify enhancement， personal─identity enhancement， and self─improvement probability more than the students with low social─oriented─achievement─motivation. Students with high individual─oriented─achievement─motivation valued personal─identity enhancement less than those who has low individual─oriented─achievement─motivation.