從政策工具理論探析臺灣市場治理導向下高等教育政策工具之運用

An Analysis of Policy Tools for Higher Education Affected by Market Governance from the Perspective of Policy Tools Theory

1994年以降的臺灣高等教育，由於內部改革需求和外在新公共管理影響及國際競爭壓力，政府引進市場競爭機制，企圖建立競爭環境和提升績效來提高大學之品質和國際競爭力。衡諸過去二十幾年來臺灣高等教育發展，受到市場化、管理主義之影響而呈現市場導向治理模式。在市場治理邏輯影響下，政府如何運用政策工具？本研究即透過政策工具理論，探討政府對於政策工具之運用，研究發現，高等教育改革之政策工具運用如解除管制、鼓勵私人辦學、競爭型撥款和資訊公開等，呈現M. Howlett所稱的市場治理選擇傾向，政府市場導向的政策工具雖達成部分成效，卻也面臨挑戰，最後並依據研究發現，對政府政策工具提出建議。

Due to internal reform demands, external new public management and international competition pressure, the government in Taiwan introduced market competition mechanisms, established a competitive environment for higher education, emphasized performance, and improved the efficiency and effectiveness of universities to enhance the quality and international competitiveness of the university. In the past two decades, the development of higher education in Taiwan has been influenced by marketization and managerialism, and has presented a market-oriented governance model. How does the government use policy tools under the influence of market governance? This study explores the use of policy tools of the government through the theory of policy tools. The research found that the use of policy tools for higher education reform, such as deregulation, encouragement of private universities, competitive funding, and information disclosure, presents what M. Howlett calls the tendency of market governance choices. Although the government's market-oriented policy tools have achieved some results, they are also facing challenges. Finally, based on the research findings, make recommendations on government policy tools.