中小學生批判思考與學業成績之相關研究

本研究的要目的是在探討批判思考與學業成績的關係，並根據研究結果提出建議，以供批判思考教學及研究之參考。本研究以台北市（城市）、台北縣（市郊）及澎湖縣（離島）之小學五年級、國中二年級及高中一年級學生為研究對象，共抽取15校、24班、1022人。主要的研究工具為「康乃爾批判思考測驗甲式」。研究結果發現：（一）不論小學、國中或高中，學生的智力均與批判思考有顯著正相關（小學：r = 23，N = 162，P＜.01；國中：r = .32，N = 486，P＜.001；高中：r = .14，N = 299，P＜.05）。（二）小學及國中學生的批判思考與學業總成績有顯著淨相關（小學：r = .45，N = 162，P＜.001；國中：r = .43，N = 486，P＜.001），但高中生的批判思考與學業總成績無顯著淨相關（r = .11，N = 299）。在小學與國中部分，批判思考與國語、數學、自然及社會科學業成績均有顯著的淨相關，且與自然及社會科成績的相關較高（小學：自然科：r = .44，N = 162，P＜.001；社會科：r = .45，N = 162，P＜.001。國中：自然科：r = .47，N = 486，P＜.001；社會科：r = .04，N = 486，P＜.001）。高中生的批判思考則僅與自然科學業成績有顯著淨相關（N = 299，r = .21，P＜.001）。（三）在小學及國中部分，排除智力的影響後，批判思考仍與學業總成績（小學：F = 27.83，df = （2，160）：國中：F = 36.36，df = （2，486））及各科學業成績有顯著相關（小學：Wilk’s Lambda = .74，P＜.001；國中：Wilk’s Lambda = .83，P＜.001）；即批判思考的分數愈高的小學生及國中生，其學業總成績及各科學業成績愈高。然而，在高中部分，排除智力的影響後，批判思考與學業總成績及各科學業成績的相關則不顯著（Wilk’s Lambsa = .98）；即批判思考能力不同的高中生，在學業總成績及各科學業成績上的表現並沒有顯著差異。

The purpose of this study were to investigate the relationship between critical thinking and academic achievement as well as t make some suggestions based on this investigation. Elementary （N = 237），junior high （N = 486）and senior high （N = 299）school students from rural （Penhu County），suburb（Taipei County）and urban （Taipei City）areas were administered the Cornell Critical Thinking Test， Level X（CCT-X）. The results were as follows：（1）There was a significantly positive correlation between intelligence quotient and critical thinking at all grade levels（elementary school：N = 162，r = .23，r = .23，P＜.01；junior high school：N = 486，r = .32，P＜.001；senior high school：N = 299，r v= .43，P＜.05）.（2）There was a significant correlation between critical thinking and total academic achievement among elementary school students （N = 162，r = .45，P＜.001）and junior high school students（N = 486，r = 43，P＜.001）.（3）There were significant correlations between critical thinking and all subject achievements among elementary school students and junior high school students， especially in natural science （elementary school：N = 162，r = 486，r = .40，P＜.001）while the only significant correlation between critical thinking and natural science was found among high school students（N = 299，r = .21，P＜.001）.（4）Academic achievement was significantly correlated to critical thinking among elementary school students（Wilk’s Lambda = .74，df = （2，159），P＜.001）and junior high school students（Wilk’s Lambda = .83，df（2，483），P＜.001）while it was not among senior high school students （Wilk’s Lambda = .98，df = （2，296））.