美國保障身心障礙學生教育權利的法律基礎

The Legal Bases for Protecting the Educational Rights of Handicapped Students in America

本論文之目的是研究美國保障身心障礙學生教育權利的法律基礎，經分析結果筆者發現此種法律基礎有三種來源：第一種來源是憲法基礎，包括（1）聯邦憲法第14次修正案的「法律均等保護」原則，與（2）聯邦憲法第5次與第14次修正案的「法律正當程序」原則。第二種來源是司法基礎，包括 （1）聯邦地區法院 1971年在PARC v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 訴訟案中判決所有智能不足兒童都有接受均等教育的權利，以及（2）聯邦地區法院1972年在Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia訴訟案中判決所有各類身心障礙兒童都有接受均等教育的權利。第三種來源是法令基礎，也就是各州政府特殊教育法與聯邦政府的93─380公法及94─142公法等法令中所制定的「正當程序條款」。

The purpose of this paper is to study the legal bases of protecting the educational rights of handicapped students in America. There are three sources of legal bases：\rThe first if the Constitutional Basis， while includes（1）”The Equal Protection of the Laws” principle explained in the 14th Amendment of U.S. Constitution， and（2）”The Due Process of Law” principle presented in the 5th and 14th Amendments of U.S. Constitution.The second is the Judicial Basis， which includes（1）The U.S. District Court’s decision on the case “PARC v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania（1971）”， which declared that all MR children have the equal right to education， and （2）The U.S. District Court’s decision on the case “Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia（1972）”， which declared that all kinds of handicapped students have the equal right to education.The third is the Law Basis， which means the “Due Process Provisions” that codified in the special education la and its regulation of each State Education code， P.L. 93─380 and P.L 94─142.