我國照顧科技發展：「創新整合模式」的分析

Development of Care Technology in Taiwan: An Analysis of the Integrated Model of Innovation

背景：面對人口結構高齡化的挑戰，臺灣近年興起透過照顧科技滿足長照需求的作法與研究。目的：以Berridge等人（2014）提出的「創新整合模式（integrated model of innovation）」為架構，立基「消費者」、「服務提供者」、「付費者」及「管制者」四個構面，探討我國照顧科技發展。方法：採質性訪談法，立意取樣家屬、長照人員、科技業者及專家學者等18人。結果：在消費者與服務提供者面向，科技能作為解決長照需求的技術物，但因缺乏適當支持措施，使兩者之間產生科技資訊不對稱的情況。針對付費者層面，現今高度市場化的發展，讓「消費者自費」成為主要服務模式，影響照顧科技的公平可近性。在管制者構面，現階段介入措施以政府補助方案為主，同時分立的行政體系，讓為數有限的國家補助方案，無法發揮長期效益。受訪者認為，政府應消除阻礙機構導入科技的相關政策阻礙。據此，本文建議，未來政府應扮演管制者、中介者及社會參與的使能者等角色，促進我國照顧科技的使用與普及。

Background: faced with the challenge of an aging population, Taiwan has emerged in recent years to meet the needs of long term care through care technology. The objective of this study is to explore the development of care technology by using the Integrated Model of Innovation proposed by Berridge (2014). Methodology involved interviews with 18 people, including family caregivers, long term care workers, technology practitioners, experts and scholars. The results show that technology can be used to fulfill the needs of long term care; however, in the absence of appropriate backing measures, the introduction of technology causes information asymmetry between“consumers”and“service providers.”The“user pays”principle has become the mainstream approach with the development of intense marketization, affecting the fairness and accessibility of care technology. For the dimension of regulators, the main intervention measures are government fund programs; the government, having a separate administrative system, is unable to realize the long term benefits of limited government funded programs. Besides, the responders believe that the government should remove relevant policy barriers that prevent long term care institutions from adopting care technology. Given these dilemmas, the government should play the roles of regulator, moderator and enabler of societal engagement to promote the use and popularization of care technology in Taiwan.