社會工作者對促進特殊需求兒童國內收養態度與工作經驗之探討

Social Workers’ Reflection on Domestic Special Needs Adoption

根據2011年修正的〈兒童及少年福利與權益保障法〉第十六條第三項，明「出養，以國內收養人優先收養為原則」。然而，從2012到2020年間，除了2018與2020年以外，其他時間跨國收養案數量高於國內收養，尤其是特殊需求的兒童。特殊需求兒童目前在國內不易找到收養父母，仍以跨國收養為主。基於以上的現象，本研究的目的為了解收出養媒合機構，在促進國內收養特殊需求兒童的態度與經驗。本文文獻部分探討國內收養特殊需求兒童的現象，以及社會工作者的角度。本文之研究方法為質性研究，以焦點團體蒐集資料，參與焦點團體者為10位國內收養媒合機構的社會工作者。研究發現對於特殊需求兒童在國內尋家的任務，目前由收養社會工作者獨立一肩挑起。同時，研究結果呈現收養社會工作者，在國內為特殊需求兒童尋家之路上，所面臨的困難。然而，本論文更想凸顯，促進國內收養特殊需求兒童並非只是社會工作者的責任，而需要更友善的福利政策支持，並建議國內應建立收養團隊，以及國家提供更多的福利支持，讓更多的特殊需求兒童有機會被國內父母收養。

According to The Protection of Children and Adolescents’Welfare and Rights Act, domestic adoption is prioritized over international adoption. Nevertheless, most special needs children are adopted by international parents. Other than in 2018 and 2020, the number of domestic adoptions has been consistently lower than that for international adoptions. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to explore the attitudes and experience of adoption social workers regarding matching children with domestic families. Using a qualitative research approach, ten adoption social workers participated in a focus group in 2019. The results showed that social workers continually advocate for the adoptees, speak for them, and are dissatisfied with adopting parents who select children; however, they still attempt to understand parents’needs for the adoptees’sake. As adoption social workers, finding homes for special needs children is their major task and carries a heavy responsibility, which is often theirs alone. In order to keep adoptees in the country, this study applied an ecological perspective and suggests establishing adoption teams and creating more welfare benefits for adopting families.