現代中譯解剖學骨名的詞源研究

Etymology of Chinese Bone Names Used in Contemporary Anatomy Education in Taiwan

現代中譯解剖學骨名大部分是民初的醫學名詞審查會所決定，後續在1940年代初又經國立編譯館負責的修訂審查程序而定型。本文所探討的48個現代中譯骨名當中，16個源自日譯名詞，七個源自1900年代以前的傳教士譯詞，19個同時源自日譯及傳教士譯詞，五個由醫學名詞審查會所制定，最後一個是「髂骨」，據推測可能源自1921年的第一版《孔氏實地解剖學》（羅賓森，1927／1934）。與中國固有詞彙的關係方面，48個解剖學骨名當中有18個與中國固有詞彙相同，至少有八個是由傳統中醫詞彙所衍生。

In medical education, the names of bones are often used to name adjacent anatomical structures. Most of the Chinese bone names used in contemporary medical education in Taiwan were selected by the Joint Committee on Medical Terminology when the Republic of China was established. The bone names that are used today come from a subsequent revision of the terminology in the early 1940s by the National Institute for Translation and Compilation. This study investigated the origin of the Chinese names of 48 bones. A total of 16 of the bones were translated from Japanese, seven were based on foreign missionaries’translations from before 1900, 19 were based on both Japanese and missionaries’translations, and five were created by the Joint Committee on Medical Terminology. The last of the 48 names is qiagu髂骨(ilium); it appeared for the first time in 1921 in the first Chinese version of Cunningham’s Manual of Practical Anatomy. A total of 18 of the 48 names are derived from Chinese inherent vocabulary, and at least eight appeared to be derived from words in traditional Chinese medicine.