認知運動操對失智症預防之應用

Application of Cogni-cise in Dementia Prevention

隨著壽命的延長，罹患失智症的機率隨之提高。根據國際失智症協會（ADI）的推估，2017年全球有1,000萬名失智症患者，失智症的醫療與照護負擔與日俱增。因此，如何發現失智症的早期症狀，並針對高風險群對象採取預防介入措施是首要之務。目前用來預防失智症的主要方式以非藥物療法為主，非藥物療法的種類繁多，包含運動、認知訓練、音樂治療、懷舊療法...等等。本文介紹的認知運動操是由日本國立長壽醫療研究中心為了維持並提升輕度認知障礙患者的認知功能所開發的失智預防方法。「認知運動操（cogni-cise）」是cognition（認知）作業（如：文字、計算、接龍）和exercise（運動）所組成的複合式運動。其主要特徵是身體與大腦同時並用，而非偏重某一項目。最重要的是認知運動操經研究證實能有效提升輕度認知障礙者的認知功能，達到延緩及預防失智症的效果。本文除介紹認知運動操的發展、內容與種類外，並說明認知運動操的實施方式及操作原則，以作為實務運用之參考。

The prevalence of dementia increases with aging. International Society for the Dementia (ADI) estimates that the global number of dementia is ten million in 2017. In order to reduce the huge medical and care burden of dementia, how to screen and take preventive intervention is regarded as urgent problem. The means to prevent dementia mainly adopt non-pharmacological interventions such as physical exercise, cognitive training, music therapy, reminiscence therapy. Cogni-cise is developed by National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology in Japan for the purpose to maintain or increase cognitive function of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients. Cogni-cise is a composite exercise which integrate cognition task and physical exercise. Participants carry out dual-task with brain and physical work at the same time. There are many studies have been confirmed that cogni-cise can effectively improve cognitive function of MCI patients and delay or prevent dementia. We introduce the development and types of cogni-cise, the operating principles and application also discussed in this article.