從風險社會的觀點省思我國面對COVID-19的防疫政策

Response to the Epidemic Prevention Policy of COVID-19 from the Perspective of Risk Society

2020年COVID-19確診病例逐漸開始增加，世界衛生組織公開表示，COVID-19已成為國際關注的公共衛生事件。隨著疫情擴增，我國的防疫政策也陸續出現，屆時全國幾乎進入防疫狀態，如何評估國民可能損失的風險為本文的研究動機。風險社會理論的探討是為了避免防疫政策過度影響人權的正常運作，以達到公共衛生與人權風險損害的最佳平衡點。本文以風險社會的理論為主軸，省思COVID-19的防疫政策對於人權剝奪所產生的風險為核心，包括法律產生的決策風險、專家依賴損及民眾對政府的信心危機、府際關係對人身自由的人權保障、風險社會理論對防疫政策的預防作為。本文貢獻在於，省思防疫與人權兩者的關係，促使公共衛生決策回歸民主政治、府際關係、公民參與等思維，希冀能提供國家規劃防疫政策之參酌。

The number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 has gradually started to increase and has become a public health event of international concern in 2020. The epidemic prevention policy has also been restructured in Taiwan. How to assess the human rights risks that may be lost is the motivation of study. In order to avoid epidemic prevention policies from excessively affecting the normal operation of human rights, the best balance between public health and human rights risk damage under the discussion of risk society theory must be achieved. This article under the theory of risk society reflects on the risks of human rights deprivation caused by the COVID-19 epidemic prevention policy , including the decision-making risk caused by the law, the risk of dependence on experts and the crisis of public confidence in the government, the impact of governing across boundary on personal protection of human rights, and the preventive measure of the risk society theory to the epidemic prevention policy. The contribution of this study reflects on the relationship between epidemic prevention and human rights, promotes public health decision-making to return to democratic politics, inter-governmental relations, and citizen participation, and provides a reference for epidemic prevention policies.