臺灣地區中小學教師客觀階級位置、文化資本與主觀階級認同：與其他職業做比較

Objective Class Position, Cultural Capital, and Subjective Class Identification for Elementary and Junior High School Teachers in Taiwan: Compared with Other Occupations

中小學教師屬於專業人員？半專業人員？或是非專業人員的白領勞工階級，並認同於勞工階級？學界向來有所爭論而不甚清楚，並且相關量化的研究也很少見。本研究以「臺灣地區社會變遷調查」的全國性大樣本資料做分析，探討中小學教師的客觀階級位置、主觀階級認同與其他職業者的差異，以及造成階級認同差異的因果機制。研究結果顯示：教師屬於專業人員，客觀階級位置符合E. O. Wright階級理論中的「半自主性受僱者」；而教師的五等階級認同、中產階級認同皆在所有職業中最高，主要原因在於教師的文化資本，這包括教育年數、精緻文化品味、藝文活動參與都最高，地位分化理論得到支持。教師認同勞工階級的比率（15.9%）在所有職業僅高於農林漁牧人員，而低於藍領工人許多，白領普羅化理論得不到支持，主要原因在於教師的教育年數最高，工作自主性也很高。

Should elementary and junior high school teachers be categorized as “professionals，” “semi-professionals，” or “non-professional” white-collar working class and then to identify with working class? This is still controversial， and we have not found quantitative evidences in the academic world. Using the data from “Social Change Survey in Taiwan，” we explore the differences of objective class position and subjective class identification between teachers and other workers， as well as the causal mechanism resulting in the differences of class identification.
The empirical results indicate that teachers should be categorized as professionals， and the objective class position fits the “semi-autonomous employee” of Wright’s class theory. Moreover， among all occupations， teachers have the highest scores on the five-rank class identification and the highest percentage of the middle-class identification. This fact also supports the status differentiation theory because teachers’ cultural capital， including the years of schooling， refined cultural taste， and participation in art activities， is higher than that of other workers. To the contrary， the white-collar proletarianization theory has not get supported because there are only 15.9% teachers identifying themselves as working class. The percentage is only higher than agricultural workers but much lower than blue-collar workers. Further， teachers receive higher education and enjoy high work autonomy.