從戰場到商場，榮民創業家角色轉換成功因素之探究

From War to Business: Explore the Successful Role Transition from Veterans to Entrepreneur

本研究旨在探究退伍榮民從軍人到創業家的職場角色轉換歷程，及其轉換成功的因素，同時釐清過去有關「調整心態」或「放下身段」等眾所皆知，卻又未能究竟其內涵的榮民轉業建議。本研究採取「深度訪談法」，以三位創業有成的榮民為研究對象，分析其再就業與創業過程，新、舊角色轉換經驗。研究結果顯示三位榮民從軍人到創業家的角色形塑過程中，共歷經三個轉換階段，包括沿用服役期間培養的軍人特質和工作習慣；調整與捨棄不符合新角色期待的舊包袱；以及重新學習新角色內容。從角色轉換觀點，本研究以為榮民再就業時最應該「放下」的身段是過去在部隊中習以為常的工作價值觀與習慣，特別是「階級權威」、「絕對服從」的領導與管理方式；而最需要「調整」的心態則為部隊工作環境下特有的工作信念，如缺乏成本概念的「全力以赴」、「犧牲奉獻」和「一夜精神」、無法彰顯個人績效的「團隊合作」、「一個口令，一個動作」的被動角色模式；以及喪失重新歸零學習的勇氣與熱情等。最後，本研究提出四項建議，作為退伍官兵轉職就業規劃之參考。

The purpose of this study is to explore the career role transition process of the veterans from soldier to entrepreneur and the factors of success. At the same time, the study tries to clarify the true meanings of those well-known and ambiguous suggestions to veterans who want to reemploy, such as ＂mood adjustment＂ or ＂humble oneself.＂ The study adopts the in-depth interview to analyze the re-employment and entrepreneurship experiences of three veterans, to understand the factors that contributed to a successful transition to a new role. The results show that veterans experience three transition stages from a soldier to an entrepreneur, including continuing to adopt the old work habits and rules cultivated during the service; abandoning the past burden that no longer meets the new expectations of the role, and re-learn the content of the new a role. Besides, the study also found that the most important thing for the veterans to ＂let down＂ when reemploying are those inappropriate work values, beliefs, and habits that have been cultivated in the army, especially the concepts of class authority and absolute obedience. Furthermore, the moon which needs to be adjusted most includes: first, ＂spare no effort,＂ ＂self-sacrifice＂ and ＂spirit of one-night＂ which without the concept of cost; second, ＂teamwork＂ that cannot demonstrate individual value; third, the passive role performance of ＂one password, one action＂; and fourth, the loss of the courage and enthusiasm to learn from zero. Finally, the study provides four suggestions for the employment planning of retired officers and soldiers.