明代復古詩論發生與成長的內外因素

The Internal and External Factors of the Emergence and Growth of the Poetic Theory of the Neo-classicism in the Ming Dynasty

尊崇漢唐、壓抑宋詩，是明初至萬曆年間詩壇的風氣。在明代它能取得成功，除了詩歌自身發展的深層因素外，自有深刻的歷史背景。繁華的盛唐氣象，爲明人提供了強大的社會與心理優勢。中國古代詩歌，自漢至唐所貫穿的是以抒寫真性情爲中心，以音律、情境，托物言志爲審美標誌的藝術創作，所崇尚的是雅正之言，這些特點在漢唐、尤其是唐詩中得到了很好的貫徹和發揮。宋人力圖在學唐中超越唐，他們向民間學習，吸取了大量來自民間生動活潑的語言，並在崇尚「理學」的風氣影響下，追求對事理的闡述，開闢了不同於以漢唐人爲代表的創作方向。在這兩種不同藝術風格的選擇中，明代復古詩論者乘著其時張揚著的盛唐氣象，通過壓抑宋詩，振興漢唐風格。

Abstract: Respecting the poetry of the Han and Tang Dynasties andsuppressing the poetry of the Song Dynasty was the trend in the poetry circle fromthe early Ming Dynasty to the period of Wanli. Its success in the Ming Dynasty, inaddition to the deep-seated factors of poetry's own development, had a profoundhistorical background. The prosperous atmosphere of the Tang Dynasty providedthe Ming people with a strong social and psychological advantage. Ancient Chinesepoetry, from the Han to the Tang, was centered on the expression of true feelings,the artistic creation of rhythm and mood, and the aesthetic symbols of the object,and the elegant and correct words, which were well carried out and played out in theHan and Tang Dynasty, especially the Tang poetry. They learned from the folk andabsorbed a large amount of lively language from the folk, and under the influence ofthe culture of 'Neo-Confucianism', they pursued the elaboration of matters,opening up a different creative direction from that represented by the Han and Tang.In the midst of these two different artistic style choices, the Ming dynasty’s neo-classicism poets took advantage of the prevailing Tang atmosphere andrevitalized the Han-Tang style by suppressing Song poetry.