私立學校犯罪之初探:以代收代辦費為例

Private School Crime in Taiwan: A Study on Cases About Miscellaneous Fees

教育為良心事業而卻有無良私立學校經營者，從中牟利並進行不法犯罪行為。礙於國內對於私立學校犯罪之文獻尚不充足，於是本文透過檢視現行法令及使用犯罪學理論來詮釋私立學校犯罪而本研究採用文獻分析法及內容分析法，分析兩所私立學校犯罪之司法院判決書。研究發現代收代辦費因其法令模糊空間，增加私立學校犯罪的可能性，同時私立學校內部之自我監督機制失靈、教育主管機關流於形式的公文外部監督以及缺乏嚇阻效果的法律條文，造就行為人罪責與犯罪所得不相當之情事而細究其犯罪特性及過程合乎白領犯罪及非營利組織犯罪，外加交織著立法委員介入及政府官員涉入。至於犯罪行為大致上合乎差別接觸理論—犯罪是學習而來且行為人對於犯罪行為也有著合理化解釋，合乎中立化理論。據此，本文提供相關建議來杜絕私立學校犯罪，第一，修法將私立學校內部自我監督機制改為強制報請核備制，並加入吹哨者條款；第二，修法強化教育主管機關外部監督手段及處置與罰則，並加入學校法人連帶處罰條款；第三，修法納入刑事罰則於《私立學校法》中。

Education should be conscience affairs, but someone makes profits through illegal action. Due to dearth of literature of private school crime in Taiwan, this study tends to check modern laws and apply criminology theory to interpret two cases of private school crime. The results show below: The ambiguity of miscellaneous fees regulations makes it possible to commit crime, simultaneously together with self-control failure, formative outer supervision from the authorities and non-threatening laws. It causes the fact that criminals didn’t receive reasonable legal punishment. In addition, the characters and process of private school crime cater to white collar crime and non-profit organization crime combined with intervention from legislators and participation from governmental officials. Also, private school crime approximately corresponds to Differential Association Theory and Neutralization Theory. In the end, this study offers some suggestions to prevent private school crime. The authorities should strengthen self-control system in private school, change ways of outer supervision and add criminal punishment in“Private School Act”.