論新公共管理（NPM）及其對臺灣中小學教育改革之啟示

New Public Management and Its Implications for the Educational Reform in Primary and Secondary Schools in Taiwan

過去的二十年以來，各國政府為使公共部門運作更具效果與效率，逐漸改變過去的「大政府，小個人」（big government， small individual）信念、降低政府的涉入並引進競爭機制。而教育亦屬於公共服務的範疇之一，隨著教育改革的全球化浪潮，各國為了進行教育改革，追求教育部門更好的表現，因而此種別於過去傳統典範的的「新公共管理」（New Public Management， NPM），自然也對學校經營策略與教育的內涵產生了影響，成為全球化教育發展議程的一項重要特徵。因此本文將先瞭解新公共管理（NPM）的源起、思想淵源、理論基礎 、意涵及限制；其次，分析國內中小學教育改革的趨勢，並探討其所蘊含的新公共管理（NPM）精神；最後針對此種趨勢提出批判及反省。

In the past twenty years， governments in many countries have gradually changed the belief of “big government， small individual” ， reduced government involvement and introduced competitive mechanism in order to make public sectors more effective and efficient. Moreover， Education also belongs to the areas of public services. With the tides of global educational reform， many countries take the educational reform into practice to pursue better performances of educational sectors; therefore， New public Management(NPM)， a shift approach from a traditional paradigm， has great influence on school management strategies and the content of education， and becomes an important feature of the educational development of globalization agenda. So this essay tried hard to understand the origins， thinking background， theories， meanings， and limits of New Public Management. Then， the author analyzed the trends and inquired the spirits of the educational reform in the primary and secondary schools in Taiwan. Finally， the author gave some critics and reflections about the trends.