學習型學校之相關論點與實例探討

An Examination on Perspectives of the Learning School and a Learning School Project Concerned

自1990年代學習型組織的理想被提出，社會上各類組織競相探討如何成為學習型組織。學習型組織儼然成為新世紀的最佳組織型態，企業界在此方面的實踐與應用已經相當蓬勃，至於在教育組織的實驗與研究則仍待開發。國內學習型學校的發展尚屬起步階段，僅有相關學習型組織的領導行為、學校效能與組織學習等概念的介紹，以及可能的發展策略等報導。至於將學習型組織相關理論，實際應用的在有學校為學習型學校之研究與實證分析，仍有待努力，更遑論建立可行的實證模式來加以推動。本文的主要目的，即在探討學習學校發展的相關論點，並介紹英國「增進學校水準方案」的學習型學校計畫，以做為我國未來推動學習型學校的參考與借鏡。

The purpose of this paper is to examine related perspectives of the learning school and illustrate a learning school project in Greater Manchester， United Kingdom. First of all， this paper describes how a traditional type of organization is transformed toward a learning organization. Then， it indicates that learning organizations can be an ideal type of organization for the school in the future. Concerning the development of a learning organization， several useful perspectives have been discussed， including Senge’s disciplines of the learning organization， the knowledge management and connections of three nested systems-the classroom， the school， and the community. Finally， this paper introduces the Improving Standards in Schools (ISIS) initiative， which has being operated to enhance target schools in Grater Manchester towards learning schools.