美國中小學教師檢定聘任制度之研究

The Policy of Teacher Licensing and Employment in U.S.: State Requirements and Court Rulings

本研究的主要目的在探討美國中小學教師檢定與聘任制度之設計與相關規定，與法院對這些議題的看法，以做為我國日後相關立法與教育行政當局制訂相關規定時之參考。\r本文係就美國中小學教師聘任制度之設計與相關規定加以分析說明，包括教師資格之檢定、聘任、聘約與罷教之議題。除了州法規定內容外，並視需要引用相關司法判例加以補充，以瞭解美國教師聘任制度的執行與利弊得失。最後，列舉我國與美國在教師檢定與聘任上的四項差異，及其對我國相關制度設計上的啟示。

This article examines the process for teacher licensing and recruitment requirements in the United States. With the aims of improving the quality of teaching， state legislatures are promoting new policies of licensing and performance standards for teachers from which legal disputes have derived between the teachers and administrations. The trend of closely examining teacher licensing and performance expectations is first reviewed in this article followed by the court rulings related to the new policies of preparing and evaluating teachers implemented by the states. It is suggested that the context of ongoing reforms in the United States may offer advices on the future improvements of teacher quality in Taiwan.