高中職社區化之學生就近入學成效及其影響因素

The Effects and Factors of Nearby-Enrollment in the Construction of High School Community Project

高中職社區化是教育部近年來重要的教育措施，就近入學率則是重要指標。本研究針對45個適性學習社區，探討2003～2006學年度之就近入學率的提升情形，並調查學生和家長選擇學校因素與就近入學的關係；同時，也針對可能影響就近入學因素，進行晤談訪問。研究結果顯示：一、學生就近入學比率呈現逐年遞增的現象，以偏遠縣市較高，都會區較低。如果資源分配不均，同一縣市就近入學率會呈現高低落差較大的情形；二、學習興趣為家長及學生所共同認為選擇學校最重要的因素，而提供獎學金則不是重要因素；三、家長及學生選擇學校因素和就近入學率高低或增減無關，且各區呈現一致性，但學生和家長選擇學校的考慮因素不同；四、學校及社區整體行銷、學校辦學績效提升、發展學校特色可以提高就近入學率；五、少子化、對明星高中之迷思及社區學校缺乏辦學特色，是影響就近入學率的最大因素。

The Construction of High School Community Project has been an important policy of the Ministry of Education of Taiwan in recent years， and the rate of nearby-enrollment is an important indicator. This study investigated the nearby-enrollment rates of 45 adaptive learning communities during the academic years 2003-2006. The study also investigated the relationship between the factors that affect parents' and students' choices of schools and nearby-enrollment rates. Telephone interviews were conducted for the investigation. The results of the study are as follows. First， the percentage of nearby-enrollment increases year by year. The increases are higher in remote counties and lower in urban areas. Second， the most important factor that affects parents' and students' choices of schools is learning interests; the offering of scholarships is not an important factor. Third， in all of the 45 adaptive learning communities， parents' and students' decisions on choosing schools do not depend on whether the nearby enrollment rates are high， low， increasing， or decreasing. However， when making decisions on choosing schools， parents have different considerations from their children. Fourth， overall marketing of a school and its community， a rise in the achievements of a school's overall operation， and development of a school's distinctive features can help increase nearby-enrollment rates. Fifth， falling birthrate， obsession with prestigious schools， and lack of distinctive features in community schools are the main culprits in low nearby-enrollment rates. The paper ends with some suggestions for increasing nearbyenrollment rates.