日本朝日新聞《大學排名》之探討：以其定位與教育指標為分析對象

A Study on University Ranking of Asahi Simbun in Japan: Focusing on Its Orientation and Education Indicators

《美國新聞與世界報導》進行美國大學的排名廣獲認同後，英國《泰晤士報》和上海交通大學也相繼每年進行世界大學排名。儘管排名的方式受到不同的肯定和批評，但排名的結果仍受舉世矚目。另一方面，部分國家的政府、大學研究機關或媒體也開始對其國內的大學進行排名活動。日本的《朝日新聞》從1994年起對於國內大學進行排名，項目涵蓋教學、研究、學生事務等，其結果對於大學的聲譽、學生入學率造成一定影響。部分名校（如東京大學）甚至開始利用排名結果，加以研究，並於進一步加工後，做為該校文宣的內容之一。「排名研究」不等於「製造排名」，高等教育制度設計的優劣直接左右著國家的競爭力，大學排名則是呈現大學績效的另一種方式。是故，本論文將探討：一、大學排名的相關理論；二、分析《朝日新聞》大學排名的特色、近五年的教育指標與問題；三、比較該排名與其他大學排名，期能進一步瞭解大學排名相關的問題。

Since the “US News & World Report” started to rank universities and created impacts in the US， the “Times Higher Education Supplement” and Shanghai Jiao Tong University have also started to provide yearly rankings of universities worldwide. Even though they have received both praise and criticism because of the different methods they adopt， university rankings provided by all of these agencies are highly valued worldwide. Meanwhile， countries such as Canada， Germany， Poland， Thailand， China， and Japan all have their own national university rankings held by government agencies， universities or media organizations. In Japan， Asahi Simbun has achieved， since 1994， a high degree of credibility in carrying out university ranking， which provides useful information for and makes a tremendous impact on students， parents and universities. The purpose of this paper is threefold: 1. to discuss theories relevant to university ranking; 2. to analyze the characteristics of Asahi Simbun’s university ranking and the education indicators of last five years; and 3. to compare Asahi Simbun’s university ranking with other university rankings.