國小低年級孩童與父母在不同領域衝突的反應方式之研究

Response Types in Taiwanese Lower Grade Elementary School Children and Their Parents during Different Parent-Child Conflicts

本研究旨在探討不同的親子衝突事件中，國小低年級親子使用不同反應方式的情況及其關係。以三十四對國小低年級孩童（平均年齡7.83歲）與父母親為研究對象，利用觀察法蒐集資料：請父母親用錄音機錄下四個時段共兩個小時的親子互動。所得的資料以編碼的方式分析出衝突領域（道德慣例、學業成就、安全、個人）和親子的反應方式。本研究的主要發現如下：一、在四個領域中，出現頻率第一和第二高的家長反應均為要求和引導。二、在四個領域中，出現頻率第一和第二高的孩童反應均為拒絕和爭論。三、在學業成就與安全領域裡，家長的壓制反應和孩童的抗爭反應有正相關；在道德慣例領域中，家長的壓制反應和孩童的爭論反應有負相關；在個人領域中，家長的壓制反應與孩童的拒絕反應有負相關。因此在面對親子衝突時，要特別注意在不同領域中，父母親使用壓制反應所代表的意涵和其所帶來的不同影響。

This study investigates how lower grade elementary school children and their parents， when different types (domains) of parent-child conflicts occur， use different responses. The participants were 34 lower grade elementary school children (with the average age of 7.83) and their parents. This study used observation: parents were asked to record parent-child interaction using a voice recorder at four different times for a total duration of two hours. The acquired information was coded and analyzed for conflict domains and response types. Results indicated that: (1) in all four domains， the first and second most frequent parents’ responses were the demanding and inductive response， respectively; (2) in all four domains， the first and second most frequent children’s responses were the rejecting and argumentative response， respectively. (3) in the achievement and prudential domain， a positive correlation was found between parents’ power assertive and children’s fighting response; in the moral-convention domain， a negative correlation was found between parents’ power assertive and children’s argumentative response; in the personal domain， a negative correlation was found between parents’ power assertive and children’s rejecting response Thus， with respect to parent-child conflicts， special attention must be paid to the specific meanings and different effects of parental power assertion in each different domain.