试论《理想国》中的诗教

On Poetic Cultivation in The Republic

在教育哲学史上，柏拉图关于诗歌教育的看法向来很有争议。在《理想国》中，柏拉图虽对诗歌及其模仿术进行了攻击与批评，但由于人自身的局限性，无论学习还是教育城邦民众都需要借助于诗歌。诗天然地理解人的情感，借助于诗歌才能达到教育城邦的目的。被拒绝的是传统诗歌中坏的模仿而不是模仿本身。这意味着一种新诗，它对以荷马为代表的城邦传统诗歌教育发出了强劲的挑战，并试图取而代之。《理想国》既是柏拉图诗歌教育的典范，也是柏拉图教育哲学的完美展现。

Plato’s view on poetry education always induces controversy in the history of educational philosophy. He criticized and condemned traditional poetry and the imitation of poetry in the Republic. Due to the limitations of human being， it means that poetry should be resorted to whether in the process of learning or cultivating public. Meanwhile， only poetry which naturally understands the passion of human being can help to fulfill the end of cultivating the public. It is the evil imitation in traditional poetry not the imitation itself that should be rejected， which predicates a type of new poetry challenging Homeric poetry education. And the Republic is the model of this new poetry and also， the excellent example of Platonic poetry cultivation.