我国义务教育财政制度变迁路径依赖与破解

Dependence and Solve on the Routes of Our Country’s Compulsory Education Fiscal System

新中国成立至今，我国义务教育财政制度变迁方式经历了强制性制度变迁、诱致性与强制性制度变迁两个阶段。在制度变迁的过程中受经济[二元结构]、地区经济发展的不均衡、市场经济对资源配置、政治利益集团博弈以及宏观制度环境的路径依赖的影响。为走出困境，需要打破经济、教育的非均衡发展战略；建立多元、民主的教育投资管理体制，打破城乡教育的二元结构；完善义务教育财政转移支付制度。

Since the The People’s Republic of China established， the way of institutional change in our country’s compulsory education fiscal system have experienced enforceability change， induced and enforceability change. During the process of institutional changes， there are some interfering factors， such as economic ＂dual symmetry＂， imbalance of area economy development， resource allocation in market economy， game between different political interest group and the dependence of micro-system environment. To solve the problem， we need to break the unbalanced development stratagem between economy and education； establish multi and democratic education investment management system， break duality structure between urban and rural education； perfect the system of compulsory education’s finance transfer and pay.