美國聯邦政府提升高等教育公平之作為   免費試閱

The Strategies or Policies of the Federal Government of the USA to Improve the Equity in Higher Education

當高等教育發展由菁英型邁入大眾化甚至普及化階段後，高等教育入學機會與負擔能力隨之成為各界關注的新議題。即使在崇尚自由、民主與平等的美國，聯邦政府歷年來雖不斷透過相關法案的修訂，並提出一系列配套措施，以保障公平理想得以在現實層面中實踐，但其高等教育中仍存在某些不公平現象，有待政府持續透過相關高等教育策略或政策之改革予以改善。有鑑於我國高等教育階段亦存在諸多公平問題，本文透過文件分析法來檢視美國高等教育公平現況、說明美國政府在提升教育公平方面的作為，進而釐清美國在聯邦政府的努力下，其高等教育發展方向是否能更加貼近社會對高等教育公平的要求。最後，期能藉由美國聯邦政府對照顧弱勢學生的努力與經驗，達成提升我國高等教育公平的目標。

This paper reviewed the empirical evidence on how higher educational policies of United States federal government can be designed to enhance the educational equity. For example， the inequity in higher education has been reduced because the Federal government in United States put a lot of interventions into financial aid systems. However， more polices have to be made to ensure the equal educational opportunity. This paper showed that the federal government plays an important role in these efforts and the federal education funding should be targeted to promote equity on the nationwide level.The aim of this paper is to review the policies concerning the improvement of equity of higher education in USA. The method of document analysis was adopted. It seems reasonable to conclude that 1. The puzzles of accessibility and equity in higher education are quite complex， therefore， there are no simple solutions for their inherent conflicts. 2. Current American higher educational system does not seem to be effective in helping disadvantaged students to improve their social and economical status. It is obvious that the federal government has to face the challenge of achieving the equity in higher education. In addition， there is still plenty of room for improvement in the future policy-making of higher education.