富貴園林與紙上故鄉，李德裕的平泉莊書寫

Li Deyu's Pingquan Villa: the Manifestation of Prominence and Nostalgia

李德裕的平泉莊書寫，指向「富貴園林」和「紙上故鄉」兩個方面。我們藉此見出中晚唐動蕩時局裡，園林與黨爭、文學錯綜聯結的獨特意蘊。此意蘊的形成與李德裕本人的獨特身份（牛李黨爭的李黨黨魁）和複雜經歷（兩度拜相又貶死海南）相關，其實質，是一種公（公共政治）與私（私人空間）交通的園林美學與生存哲學。平泉莊不僅安頓了士人李德裕的生命，亦成為園主政治勢力和財富名望的展現，其名物的富貴罕有及迎送中關聯的人際往來，成為黨爭的蔓延。同時，園林置物與建築（如平泉莊之構思亭、伐叛亭）亦成為主人功業（平上黨，破回鶻）的彰顯和銘刻。園主于園林玩好和懷歸之想中不斷表達著合於儒家修身立德傳統的家國天下之關心與夕惕若厲之韜晦姿態，顯出其儒士人格底色。另外，園林承自父輩家訓，連結起代際間的情感，替換了不可企及而面貌模糊的故鄉，慰藉了鮮少歸園歸鄉的李的懷鄉之想。園林取代故鄉而成為回憶的標的物，擴大了古典詩歌中「歸」的意涵，但園主的不在場，卻讓此「歸」依違在渴望然不得的遺憾裡，「私」領域的個人逸樂，終讓渡于「公」事務的承擔。

Li Deyu (787-849) was a distinguished statesman and literati in Late Tang Dynasty who gained comprehensively worship as a primer minister whereas trapped in factionalism, exiled to the remote Hainan Island in his late years and died there eventually, arising scholars' endless mourning and lamentation. Li wrote more than a hundred poems and thirty-two rhapsodies during his life among which the most frequent image was his Pingquan villa albeit Li himself presented perennial absenteeism of being there. Previous study deemed Pingquan as Li's life settlement, following the hermeneutic cycle of traditional Chinese hermit discourse that taking gardens and villas as literati's spiritual utopia for they could attain the balance of going out and into the secularity once being there. However, this paper stated that, Pingquan showed much more affluent significance due to its owner's unique identity and legendary experience. And Li Deyu, demonstrated an unconventional landscape aesthetics and survival an philosophy through his writings, which was, an interaction and integration between the Public (public politics) and Private (private space). On the Public side, Li manifested his prominence by listing the rare stones and marvelous plants in his garden in detail, vividly depicting how wondrous and unattainable those goods were, which was significantly different from the literati's garden-writing intertextuality. This was because the Garden was actually intricately and closely connected with the party struggle for the articles were almost tributes from inferior officials who tended to butter Li up. Moreover, Pingquan was a pragmatic media of expanding and consolidating official network. On the Private side, Li interpreted Pingquan Villa as his virtual hometown, showing his nostalgia and affection for it continually which enlarged the meaning of ＂Gui＂ (getting back home) in classical Chinese poetry. Also, the Garden supplied with mental and physical healing function for the plants served herbal medicines which cured Li's body and the scenery brought Li a cheerful state.