諮商督導者對諮商平行歷程的辨識與介入

The Distinguish and Intervention of Counseling Supervisors to the Counseling Parallel Process

諮商平行歷程的重要功能和影響近期被學者與實務者看重，它經常於諮商督導者覺察督導困境時現身，本研究的目的希望反映督導者辨識與介入平行歷程的經驗。研究邀請三位資深諮商督導者，針對六位受督生，以現象學取向之質性研究法，探詢其處理平行歷程的經驗和結果，以了解於督導實務的運用。研究結果綜合出三項經驗主題，包括:「督導者從督導闢係困境中，辨識與覺察平行歷程」、「督導者覺察平行歷程，對後續介入策略的影響」及「督導者介入平行歷程後，對受督生、個案和督導者自我的影響，與三角關係的變化」。而此三項經驗主題與過去學者提示之議題參照下，發現：當督導者出現關係困境，督導訓練者能協助督導者覺察，並適宜地介入平行歷程；督導者若學會辨識非典型行為，則成為處理平行歷程的關鍵；處理平行歷程議題須考量督導者、受督生和個案的三角關係，並協助轉向新的平衡關係，一旦適時處理平行歷程則能促進受督生、個案與督導者本身的發展。最後，研究者根據研究結果，提出研究之建議。

The important functions and influences of counseling parallel processes have recently been valued by scholars and practitioners. Parallel processes often appear when counseling supervisors are aware of supervisory dilemmas. The purpose of this study was to reflect the supervisors’ experience of distinguishing and intervening parallel processes. Based on the qualitative research method of phenomenological orientation, we invited three senior supervisors to share their experiences with six supervisees, and explored their experiences of being aware of and dismant1ing supervisory dilemmas, and intervening acts during parallel processes. This study also explored the essence of the supervisors’ experiences to understand the application to supervision practice. Three experiential themes of this study were found: 1. Supervisors distinguished and were aware of parallel processes in the supervisory relationship dilemmas, 2. Whether supervisors’ awareness of parallel processes or not determined their outcome of interventions, and 3. the Effects on supervisees, clients, and supervisors after supervisors intervened parallel processes, and the change of their triangle relationships. Comparing the three experiential themes with issues showed by other scholars on papers, we found supervisors could perceive relationship dilemmas by being supervised with their own supervisors, and them they intervened parallel processes properly. And if supervisors could distinguish atypical behaviors, they could deal with parallel processes well. Besides, intervening parallel processes should take the triangle relationship－the supervisor, the supervisee, and the client－into consider, and could turn the relationship to a new balanced one. If supervisors could intervene parallel processes timely, supervisees, clients, and supervisors would go along. Finally, based on the results, we put forward suggestions.