公眾自我意識在年輕成人的父母依附與獨處經驗之中介角色分析研究

Attchment, Public Self-Consciousness, and Solitude: Examining Mediating Effects among Male and Female Young Adult

本研究旨在探討公眾自我意識在年輕成人的父母依附與正負向獨處經驗之間的中介角色。研究者採問卷調查法，獲得有效樣本412位，其中男性147位，女性265位。研究工具主要為「關係結構問卷」、「自我意識量表」和「獨處經驗量表」。所得資料以獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、Pearson積差相關與結構方程模式進行統計考驗。研究結果如下：1.女性在公眾自我意識與獨處之正向經驗得分上皆高於男性。2.21至25歲的年輕成人在公眾自我意識和獨處之負向情感的得分上，顯著高於其他年齡層的成人。3.公眾自我意識在依附與獨處之負向情緒間有中介效果，然而公眾自我意識在依附與獨處之正向經驗間不具中介效果。研究者認為未來的研究在探討影響年輕成人獨處經驗的因素時，將獨處經驗區分為正向情緒和負向情緒經驗，有助於進一步暸解不同心理變項對不同獨處經驗的獨特貢獻。依此研究發現，研究者提出對於諮商輔導實務工作的建議。

The purpose of this present study was to examine mediating effects of public self-consciousness on the attachment-solitude link among male and female young adult. A sample of 412 youth adults (147 male and 265 female) was recruited. Measurements adopted in this study were the Scale of Relationships Structures Questionnaire-Chinese, the Scale of Self-Consciousness Scale, and the Scale of Solitude Experience. The data were analyzed by applying descriptive statistics, independent sample t test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson product moment correlation analysis, and structural equation modeling. Findings of the current study were listed below. 1. There existed significant gender differences on levels of public self-consciousness and positive experience of solitude. Specifically, female youth adults reported higher levels of public self-consciousness and of positive experience of solitude than male participants did. 2. There existed significant age differences on levels of public self-consciousness and negative experience of solitude. Specifically, 21-15 year-old participatns reported higher levels of public self-consciousness and of negative experience of solitude than participants from other age groups did. 3. Public self-consciousness significantly mediated the link between attachment and negative experiences of solitude. Surprisingly, public self-consciousness was not significantly mediated the link between attachment and positive experience of solitude. According to findings, the authors suggest that future studies should respectively explore contributions of psychological factors on positive emotional experiences and negative emotional experiences of solitude. Finally, recommendations for counseling practices are presented.