運用早期回憶探討憂鬱症患者之依附風格

Using Early Recollections to Explore the Attachment Styles of Depressive Patient

本研究旨在運用阿德勒個體心學中的早期回憶來理解憂鬱症患者的生命風格，進一步探討臨床實務工作上，是否能藉由早期回憶所顯示的生命風格來反映憂鬱症患者依附風格的差異？研究共邀請80位研究個案參與本研究，研究參與者除了接受早期回憶相關的評估外，同時也填寫了人際依附風格量表。將「早期回憶」收集的相關資料，將生命風格以「感受到歸屬感有無」、「感受自我的意象是正向或負向」以及「感受他人的意象是正向或負向」加以分類，並透過運用獨立樣本t檢定比較兩者之差異。研究結果發現，透過早期回憶過程將生命風格分類，「感受到歸屬感」、「感受自我意象是正向」、「感受他人意象是正向」組比起「沒有感受到歸屬感」、「感受自我意象是負向」、「感受他人意象是負向」組，在安全、焦慮、與逃避依附風格分量表有顯著的不同。期待經由本研究這樣的探討與研究結果的發現，能提供臨床實務工作者除了在客觀自陳式量表的測驗外，另外一個評估憂鬱症獨特生命經驗的方法。

The purpose of this study was to use early recollections to understand the life style of depressive patients, and to explore whether the life style indicated by early recollections can effectively distinguish the differences of patients’ attachment styles. Eighty participants were invited to participate in this study who were asked to complete the Attachment Style Questionnaire as well as the assessment for early recollections. Based on the early recollection data, participants’ life styles were classified by sorting into groups of “sense of belongingness vs. not”, “positive vs. negative self-image”, and “positive vs. negative image of other”. Independent sample t tests were used for analysis. The flndings indicated signiflcant differences in attachment security, anxiety, and avoidance scores between the positive vs. negative groups of all three life style dimensions. The researchers hope that the exploration and findings of the current study offer therapists who work with depressive patients another option to assess the unique life experiences of the depressive patients in addition to using objective, self-report scales.