家庭社經地位與三歲幼兒螢幕時間的關聯——以家庭環境及親子互動時間為中介變項

A Study on the Relationship between Socioeconomic Status and the Screen Time of 3-year-old Children: the Mediating Role of Family Environment and Parent-Child Interaction Time

隨著資訊科技發展，各式電子產品充斥在當代生活中，使用者年齡面臨低齡化的趨勢。然而，國內針對幼兒螢幕時間之研究較缺乏以代表性樣本進行分析，與幼兒生活最緊密的家庭環境、親子互動時間與幼兒螢幕時間的研究更是付諸闕如。因此，本研究旨在探討家庭環境、親子互動時間與幼兒螢幕時間的關聯，運用2016年「臺灣幼兒發展資料庫」，蒐集臺灣三歲幼兒資料，選取受訪幼兒之親生父母為樣本，並刪除遺漏值後，共1876份，以結構方程模型進行分析。研究結果發現：1.幼兒平均一天的電視時間是94.51分鐘；而電腦、平板電腦和手機等其他電子產品的使用時間為平均一天41.45分鐘。2.家庭社經地位分別與家庭環境、假日親子互動時間有顯著關係，家庭社經地位愈高，幼兒家庭環境愈豐富；假日親子互動時間也愈長。3.家庭環境、假日親子互動時間分別與幼兒螢幕時間有顯著關係，家庭環境愈豐富；假日親子互動時間愈長，幼兒螢幕時間愈短。4.家庭環境、假日親子互動時間分別對家庭社經地位與幼兒螢幕時間的關係中有中介機制，家庭社經地位愈高，進而家庭環境愈豐富；假日親子互動時間愈長，皆能使幼兒螢幕時間愈少。

With the development of new technologies, people use electronic gadgets more often all day long. Importantly, young children may be the frequent users. Yet, these was little research using nationally representative samples to investigate the screen time of young children in Taiwan, and less was known about the relationships among the screen time of children, the family environment and parent-child interaction time, which were both closely related to children's life. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the associations among family environment, parent-child interaction time and the screen time of 3-year-old children. The data used in this study were from the Kids in Taiwan: National Longitudinal Study of Child Development & Care (KIT), which surveyed at 2016. The selected samples comprised 1876 parents with 3-year-old children. The Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed to analyze data from these samples. The results indicated the following findings: First, on average, TV time of children was 94.51 minutes a day, and the other types of screen time of children such as computers, pads and cell phones were 41.45 minutes per day. Second, the family socioeconomic status had significant direct effects on both the family environment of children and the parent-child interaction time. The higher the family socioeconomic status was, the richer the family environment children received and the longer the parent-child interaction time was. Third, this study demonstrated that both the family environment of children and the parent-child interaction time had significant direct effects on the screen time of children. Children with richer family environment and longer parent-child interaction time had less screen time. Fourth, the relationship between the family socioeconomic status and the screen time of children was significantly mediated by children's family environment and the parent-child interaction time.