臺灣非典型僱傭議題於主流／大眾與非主流／獨立媒體之網路新聞框架比較分析

An Analysis to Frame Taiwan Online News about Atypical Employment Issues in Mainstream and Independent Media

非典型僱傭勞動型態日益興盛，亦受到大眾矚目，而當前網路成為閱聽眾接收新聞的主要管道。本研究選擇主流／大眾媒體之《ETtoday 東森新聞雲》、《自由時報電子報》、《聯合新聞網》與非主流／獨立媒體之《苦勞網》、《風傳媒》、《民報》共425 則網路新聞進行分析，參考 Tankard 框架清單分析取徑，以內容分析法分析兩類新聞媒體框架之呈現與異同。研究發現：兩類媒體在新聞呈現、情感框架上具有顯著差異。主流／大眾媒體重視報導量，並以中篇幅、純報導呈現議題，報導中多呈現勞方意象；非主流／獨立媒體重視深度、主觀評論之長篇幅報導，報導中均呈現圖表且較常引述官方說法。兩類媒體新聞主要含有多個消息來源並側重官方權威話語，非主流／獨立媒體引用更多類的消息來源且更平衡地呈現勞、資、政、學等多方之話語。兩類媒體在子議題之呈現上均重視派遣相關議題，並皆呈現用人單位使用因素之歸因並關注勞權、低薪等問題，主流／大眾媒體略偏柔性解決，非主流／獨立媒體略偏硬性解決。兩類媒體多為中立報導，但非主流／獨立媒體因有較多評論類新聞報導，故有較多主觀評述，並以勞方立場、質疑政府施政作為其意識形態。總體而言，媒體以特定字詞框架非典型僱傭議題與勞工之形象，並重視議題的問題與解決。

This study analyzes and examines Taiwan online news to construct issues of atypical employment in Taiwan based on framing theory. Totally, 425 news items from mainstream media and independent media were selected to analyze the content on the similarity and difference of the two types of media by applying Tankard’s framing theory. It is found that there are significant differences between the two types of media in terms of the presentation of news and the emotional frame. Mainstream/mass media pays more attention to the number of reports with medium length and rather simple form to report with Labors’ images attached. Non-mainstream/independent media pays more attention to the length of the reports with in-depth comments by referencing government’s statements with charts appended. Reports from both types of media use multiple sources and values official statements. Non-mainstream/independent media quotes more different types of sources to balance information from labor, capital, politicians and scholars. Both types of media value the topic of dispatch labor as a sub-topic, attribute the causes to factors of employment, and focus on the issues of labor rights, low salary, etc. However, the solutions that mainstream/mass media proposed are mostly flexible ways, and those from the other is more rigid. Although reports from both types of media are mostly in neutral perspective, non-mainstream/independent media uses more subjective comments and usually question government's administration in favor of labor as their ideology and standpoint. In general, media uses specific words to frame atypical employment issues and images of atypical workers for the supervision on this topic.