中文版「國小學童恆毅力量表」之編製與驗證

The Development and Validation of Traditional Chinese Version of Grit Scale (GS-TC) for Elementary School Students

恆毅力意指個人對長期目標保持毅力與熱情的特質，被視為預測個人未來成就的重要指標之一，然而，目前國內尚未有一套可用以測量個人恆毅力的正式量表，同時也較少以兒童為對象進行研究。因此，本研究旨在編製一份中文版「恆毅力量表」（Traditional Chinese version of Grit Scale，簡稱GS-TC），並將語句調整為適合國小學童使用。本量表編譯自Duckworth、Peterson、Matthews與Kelly（2007）的「恆毅力量表」，包含「努力持續性」和「興趣穩定性」兩個分量表，參與者首先以立意抽樣，抽取預試樣本225位國小學童進行項目分析及探索性因素分析，並針對預試結果進行題目修訂；接著再另以分層抽樣抽取407位國小學童作為正式樣本進行信度和效度分析。結果顯示GS-TC具有穩定的二因素結構，兩分量表具有良好的內部一致性，亦具有良好的再測信度。效度方面，本量表整體適配度指標均達標準，顯示具有合理適配的建構效度；以「短式大五人格量表」、「自我控制量表」與「努力自我調節量表」為效標，亦具有良好之聚斂及區辨效度，並與其學業成績有正向的關聯。綜合上述研究結果，GS-TC具有良好的信度與效度，適用於測量國內國小學童之恆毅力，有助於探索恆毅力的內涵及進行跨文化比較。

Grit is defined as an individual having the perseverance and passion for long-term goals, and is an important indicator of personal future accomplishments. There were many past studies of grit for adults but few for children. In order to address this gap, the present study aimed at developing a Traditional Chinese version of Grit Scale (GS-TC) with modifying the sentences based on the level of language skills of elementary school students. GS-TC was translated from the grit scale by Duckworth, Peterson, Matthews and Kelly (2007), it contained two sub-scales which were consistency of interest and perseverance of effort. This study used stratified purposive sampling, pilot test had 225 elementary school students as participants; the results included an item analysis and exploratory factor analysis to revise the descriptions of items accordingly. Then the present study conducted the formal test, reliability analysis and validity analysis on a sample of 407 elementary school students. Results showed that GS-TC h ad a stable twofactor structure, both sub-scales had the internal consistencies, and also had good retest reliabilities. As for validity, the goodness-of-fit indices showed that GS-TC had a good overall model fit and a construct validity. Taking the scores of ''Ten Item Personality Inventory'', ''Self-Control Scale'' and ''Effort Regulation Scale'' as criteria, the result showed that GS-TC not only has a good concurrent validity and was positively correlated to the academic achievement. In general, GS-TC had good reliabilities and validities but also will be applicably provided for the grit research of elementary school students. This study contributes to research of grit and cross-cultural comparison.