中年者獨處時間、孤獨動機與心理幸福感之關係研究

A Study on Middle-Aged of the Relationship Between Time Spent Alone, Motivation for Solitude, and Psychological Well-Being

本研究目的在探討中年人的獨處時間、孤獨動機與心理幸福感之間的關係。以便利取樣方式，共得186位介於40～59歲間之中年者填寫問卷，剔除無效問卷後，有效問卷共計144份，有效樣本回收率為77%。本研究主要測驗工具包含「獨處時間量表」、「孤獨動機量表」以及「心理幸福感量表」。經統計分析後研究結果如下：一、本研究中年者樣本自覺獨處時間的平均數屬中下程度；二、中年者樣本獨處時間高低在心理幸福感上並無顯著差異；三、中年者樣本的「自我決定」孤獨動機與心理幸福感之間具有顯著正相關；四、中年者「非自我決定」孤獨動機與心理幸福感之間具有顯著負相關；五、中年者「自我決定」孤獨動機對其獨處時間與心理幸福感之間不具顯著強化效果；六、中年者「非自我決定」孤獨動機對其獨處時間與心理幸福感之間的關係具有顯著弱化效果。本研究依據上述研究結果提出討論，並對心理健康相關之專業人員提出以下建議：一、鼓勵中年者認識個人孤獨動機與心理幸福感的關係；二、協助中年者覺察個人獨處的需要；三、策略性運用「自我決定」孤獨動機作為增進中年者的心理幸福感；四、策略性運用「非自我決定」孤獨動機調節中年者負向心理幸福感。

The purpose of this study was to explore middle-aged of the relationship between time spent alone, motivation for solitude, and psychological well-being. The participants in Taiwan were recruited by using convenience sampling. A total of 144 (age = 40-59) valid recovery questionnaires were collected, and the effective sample recovery rate was 77%. The participants were asked to complete the Time Spent Alone Scale, Motivation for Solitude Scale-Short Form (MSS-SF), and Psychological Well-being Scale. The findings of this study were as follows. 1. Average time spent alone of the middle-aged samples is medium-low degree; 2. No significant difference in psychological well-being between those spending more time alone and those spending less time alone within the middle-aged samples; 3. A significantly positive relationship between self-determined solitude and psychological well-being. 4. A significantly negative relationship between not self-determined solitude and psychological well-being. 5. The self-determined solitude does not significantly moderate the relationship between time spent alone and psychological well-being. 6. The not self-determined solitude significantly negative moderated the relationship between time spent alone and psychological well-being. Based on the above mentioned results the discussion and suggestions were offer to mental health professionals: 1. Encourage the middle-aged persons to understand the relationship between personal solitude motivation and psychological wellbeing; 2. Help the middle-aged persons to aware the need for personal solitude; 3. Strategically use “self-determination” as the solitude motivation to increase the psychological well-being of the middle-aged persons; 4. Strategically use “not self-determination” as the solitude motivation to regulate the negative psychological well-being of the middle-aged persons.